GMAT Verbal SC-3

1. The root systems of most flowering perennials either become too crowded，which results in loss in vigor, and spread too far outward，producing a bare center

(A)  which results in loss in vigor, and spread

(B)  resulting in loss in vigor, or spreading

(C)  with the result of loss of vigor, or spreading

(D)  resulting in loss of vigor or spread

(E)  with a resulting loss of vigor and spread

2. Many policy experts say that shifting a portion of health-enefit costs back to the workers helps to control the employer’s costs，but also helps to limit medical spending by making patients more careful consumers．

(A)  helps to control the employer's costs，but also helps

(B)  helps the control of the employer's costs and also

(C)  not only helps to control the employer's costs，but also helps

(D)  helps to control not only the employer's costs，but

(E)  not only helps to control the employer's costs，and also helps

3. Recently discovered fossil remains strongly suggest that the Australian egg—laying mammals of today are a branch of the main stem of mammalian evolution rather than developing independently from a common ancestor of mammals more than 220 million years ago．

(A)  rather than developing independently from

(B)  rather than a type that developed independently from

(C)  rather than a type whose development was independent of

(D)  instead of developing independently from

(E)  instead of a development that was independent of

4. The voluminous personal papers of Thomas Alva Edison reveal that his inventions typically sprang to lire not in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly from previous works．

(A)  sprang to life not in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly

(B)  sprang to lire not in a flash of inspiration but were slowly evolved

(C)  did not spring to lire in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly

(D)  did not spring to lire in a flash of inspiration but had slowly evolved

(E)  did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but they were slowly evolved

5. By offering lower prices and a menu of personal communications options，such as caller identification and voice mail，the new telecommunications company, has not only captured．customers from other phone companies but also forced them to offer competitive prices．

(A) has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced them

(B) has not only captured customers from other phone companies，but it also forced them

(C) has not only captured customers from other phone companies but also forced these companies

(D) not only has captured customers from other phone companies but also these companies have been forced

(E) not only captured customers from other phone companies，but it also has forced them

6. The psychologist William James believed that facial expressions not only provide a visible sign of an emotion，actually contributing to the feeling itself．

(A)  emotion，actually contributing to the feeling itself

(B)  emotion but also actually contributing to the feeling itself

(C)  emotion but also actually contribute to the feeling itself

(D)  emotion；they also actually contribute to the feeling of it

(E)  emotion；the feeling itself is also actually contributed to by them

7. From the time of its defeat by the Germans in 1940 until its liberation in 1944，France was a bitter and divided country a kind of civil war raged in the Vichy government between those who wanted to collaborate with the Nazis with those who opposed them.

(A)  between those who wanted to collaborate with the Nazis with those who opposed

(B)  between those who wanted to collaborate with the Nazis and those who opposed

(C)  between those wanting to collaborate with the Nazis with those opposing

(D)  among those who wanted to collaborate with the Nazis and those who opposed

(E)  among those wanting to collaborate with the Nazis with those opposing

8. In developing new facilities for the incineration of solid wastes，we must avoid the danger of shifting environmental problems from landfills polluting the water to polluting the air with incinerators．

(A) landfills polluting the water to polluting the air with incinerators

(B) landfills polluting the water to the air being polluted with incinerators

(C) the pollution of water by landfills to the pollution of air by incinerators

(D) pollution of the water by landfills to incinerators that pollute the air

(E) water that is polluted by landfills to incinerators that pollute the air

9. The financial crash of October 1987 demonstrated that the world‘s capital markets are integrated more closely than never before and events in one part of the global village may be transmitted to the rest of the village-almost instantaneously．

(A)  integrated more closely than never before and

(B)  closely integrated more than ever before so

(C)  more closely integrated as never before while

(D)  more closely integrated than ever before and that

(E)  more than ever before closely integrated as

10. Lacking information about energy use，people tend to overestimate the amount of energy used by equipment, such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate that used by unobtrusive equipment，such as water heaters

(A)  equipment，such as lights，that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate that

(B)  equipment，such as lights，that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when

(C)  equipment，such as lights，that is visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when

(D)  visible equipment，such as lights，that must be turned on and off and underestimate that

(E)  visible equipment，such as lights，that must be turned on and off and underestimate it when

11. The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving．the efficiency of its distribution system．

(A)  aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving 

(B)  aimed at the decreasing of operating costs and to improve

(C)  aiming at the decreasing of operating costs and improving

(D)  the aim of which is the decreasing of operating costs and improving

(E)  with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve

12. Eating saltwater fish may significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and also aid for sufferers of rheumatoid arthritis and asthma，according to three research studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine．

(A)  significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and also aid for

(B)  be significant in reducing the risk of heart attacks and aid for

(C)  significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and aid

(D)  cause a significant reduction in the risk of heart attacks and aid to

(E)  significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks as well as aiding

13. Minnesota is the only one of the contiguous forty-eight states that still has a sizable wolf population, and where this predator remains the archenemy of cable and sheep．

(A)  that still has a sizable wolf population，and where

(B)  that still has a sizable wolf population，where

(C)  that still has a sizable population of wolves，and where

(D)  where the population of wolves is still sizable；

(E)  where there is still a sizable population of wolves and where

14. Last year, land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost so fast, and in some parts even faster than what they did outside the pinelands．

(A)  so fast，and in some parts even faster than what they did

(B)  so fast，and in some parts even faster than，those

(C)  as fast，and in some parts even faster than，those

(D)  as fast as，and in some parts even faster than，those

(E)  as fast as，and in some parts even faster than what they did